BAHASA INGGRIS

BAHASA INGGRIS

Compiled by: Yoga Prihatin, M.Pd

Semester I

Materials:

1.  Word Families

2.  Verbal and Nominal Sentences

3.  Basic Sentence Structure

4.  Tenses

5.  Editing

6.  Writing Practice

7.  Thank You Note

UNIT I

Word Families

Introduction

How well you understand many kinds of grammar are tested. Your knowledge of vocabulary is also tested. For this section, the correct answer may be a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb. The correct choice may also depend on its form. Should it be singular or plural? Is it the right tense for the sentence? Should it be comparative or superlative? These are some things to think about. Finally, does the choice you pick make sense? Read through the sentence with your answer.

Learning Hint:

With word families, the possible answers are four forms of the SAME word. Memorize common noun forms, adjectives, adverbs, and verb forms.

Word Forms

Word families test how well you know the various types of words that can be made from one word. A word can go from noun to verb to adjective to adverb by changing the ending of the word.

Example:

Finale (noun, thing) -> finalist (noun, person) -> finalize (verb) -> final (adjective) -> finally (adverb)

Remember the common word endings used to make the different kinds of words:

Noun	Verb	Adjective	Adverb
-ance   disturbance	-en lighten	-able Fashionable	-ly Slowly
-ancy discrepancy	-ify beautify	-ible	-ward Backward
-ence	-ize sumarize	-al Economical	-wise
-ation civilization		-ful Beautiful
-ian librarian	-ish Flourish
-ism terorism		-ive Tentative
-ment		-ous Generous
-ness
-ship
-or
-er

Typical Question Examples Found in Word Families

1) The manager read the report _____.

(A)     careful

(B)     carefully

(C)     care

(D)     caring

The correct answer is (B). An adverb is needed to complete the sentence. Carefully is the only adverb. Adverbs modify verbs. How did the manager read the report? He read it carefully. Answer (A) is an adjective. Answer (C) and (D) are verb forms.

2) The procedure was _____ properly to the new employee.

(A)    explain

(B)    explanation

(C)    explanatory

(D)     explained

The correct answer is (D). There is no main verb in this sentence. Was is only acting as a helping verb. The correct verb form must have a past tense form to agree with was. Only explained is both a main verb and in the past tense. Answer (A) is the present tense verb form. Answer (B) is a noun. Answer (C) is an adjective.

Adjective, Noun, Verb, Adverb
Adjectives are describing words. They make nouns more interesting.
Nouns are words that are used to name things (people, places, things).
Verbs are doing words.
Adverbs tell us more about verbs. They tell us how, when or where the action of the verb happens.

NO	ADJECTIVE	VERB	NOUN	ADVERB
1	Successful	Succeed	Success	successfully
2	Dead	Die	Death	Deadly
3	Patient	-	Patience	patiently

1. a. She is very succesful

    b. If you succeed, you will buy a car.

   

c. Your success is influenced by your wife.

    d. The operation is done successfully.

2. a. He is dead

    b. His death is mysterious

    c. My cat died last night.

    d. She is deadly serious

Adjectives and adverbs

 Look at these examples:

• Our holiday was too short - the time went very quickly.

• The driver of the car was seriously injured in the accident.

Quickly and seriously are adverbs. Many adverbs are made from an adjective + -ly:

Adjective	Quick	Serious	Careful	quiet	bad	heavy
Adverb	Quickly	Seriously	Carefully	Quietly	badly	heavily

Not all words ending in -ly are adverbs. Some adjectives end in -ly too, for example:

Friendly / lively / elderly / lonely / silly / lovely

Adjective or adverb

Adjectives (quick/careful etc.) tell us about a noun. We use adjectives before nouns and after some verbs, especially be:

• Tom is a careful driver, (not 'a carefully driver')

• We didn't go out because of the heavy rain.            

• Please be quiet.

• I was disappointed that my exam results were so bad   

Adverbs (quickly/carefully etc.) tell us about a verb. An adverb tells us how somebody does something or how something happens: 

• Tom drove carefully along the narrow road. (not 'drove careful')

• We didn't go out because it was raining heavily.

• Please speak quietly

• I was disappointed that I did so badly on the exam.

• Why do you never take me seriously?

She speaks English perfectly.

       Verb + object + adverb

Tom looked at me sadly.

EXERCISE 1

Choose the correct words

1. The driver of the car was ..........  injured.  (serious, seriously)

2. I think you behaved very...........  . (selfish, selfishly)

3. Rose is .......... upset about losing her job. (terrible, terribly)

4. There was a.........  change in the weather.  (sudden, suddenly)

5. Everybody at the party was............  dressed. (colourful, colourfully)

6. She fell and hurt herself quite ..........  . (bad, badly)

7. I cooked this meal..........   for you, so I hope you like it. (special, specially)

8. Don't go up that ladder. It doesn't look......... . (safe, safely)

9. He looked at me.............  when I interrupted him. (angry, angrily)

10. Our holiday was too short. The time passed very............  . (quick, quickly)

EXERCISE 2

Practice in Adding Adjectives

Many adjectives are formed from nouns and verbs. The adjective thirsty, for example, comes from thirst, which may be either a noun or a verb. Complete each sentence below with the adjective form of the italicized noun or verb.

1. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina brought great destruction to the Gulf coast. It was one of the most _____ hurricanes in recent decades.
2. All of our pets enjoy good health. Our collie is exceptionally _____, despite its advanced age.
3. Your suggestion makes a great deal of sense. You have a very _____ idea.
4. Google made record profits last year. It is one of the most _____ companies in the world.
5. Dr. Kraft's job requires patience and skill. He is a _____ negotiator.
6. All through high school, Giles rebelled against his parents and teachers. Now he has three _____ children of his own.
7. Telling jokes that will not offend others can be difficult. Some comedians are deliberately _____

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